Engineering Calculators● Reference & guides
Engineering standards, explained
Plain-language guides to the standards behind Volteq's calculators — what each one actually says, the governing formula in words, when it applies, and where the simplifications bite. Each guide links straight through to the calculator that implements it.
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IPC-2221
Where the IPC-2221 current-capacity curve fit comes from, what it assumes, and how it differs from IPC-2152.
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IEC 60664-1
Creepage vs clearance, and how pollution degree, CTI, working voltage and altitude drive IEC 60664-1 distances.
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VDI 2230
The cone-of-compression stiffness model and the T = K·F·d torque-preload relationship behind VDI 2230.